This systematic review has two objectives: to determine the factors of effective mathematics teaching that inf luence the development of cognitive achievements in students and to conceptualize the term effective mathematics teaching. A protocol was followed that allowed filtering and analyzing 31 articles that reveal the multidimensionality and close relationship that is interwoven between the identified factors, which were grouped into 3 categories: factors associated with characteristics of the teacher as a professional, the general dimension of teaching and the specific dimension of mathematics teaching. Also notable among the results is the scarcity of studies in the Spanish language and the need to implement a mixed methodology in studies on this topic.